Princess Tatiana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg

note:
As of August 2020.

See also:
Line of succession to the former Monarchical throne and others : From (deleted) Wikipedia’s articles.


Princess Tatiana
Born (1940-07-31) 31 July 1940 (age 80)
Spouse Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse
Issue Princess Mafalda
Prince Donatus
Princess Elena
Prince Philipp
House Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
Father Gustav Albrecht, 5th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg
Mother Margareta Fouché

Princess Tatiana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg (Tatiana Louise Ursula Therese Elsa; born 31 July 1940) is the fourth child and second daughter of Gustav Albrecht, 5th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, and his wife, Margareta Fouché d’Otrante, and younger sister of Prince Richard of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, the husband of Princess Benedikte of Denmark. Tatjana is the former wife of the late Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse,[1] from 1980 head of the House of Hesse. Their marriage took place in the summer of 1964 in Gießen. They divorced in 1974.

Children

Moritz and Tatiana had four children:

  • Princess Mafalda Margarethe of Hesse (born 6 July 1965), married first, Enrico dei Conti Marone Cinzano in 1989 (divorced 1990), no issue; married second, Carlo Galdo in 1991 and had two daughters; married third Ferdinando Brachetti Peretti in 2000 and had two sons.
    • Tatiana Marie Galdo (born 20 January 1992)
    • Polissena Galdo (born 30 September 1993)
    • Cosmo Maria Tebaldo Maurizio Enrico Brachetti-Peretti (born 11 January 2000)
    • Briano Maria Tebaldo Brachetti-Peretti (born 16 April 2002)
  • Landgrave Heinrich Donatus Philipp Umberto of Hesse (born 17 October 1966) married Countess Floria of Faber-Castell in 2003, has a daughter and a son, twins, and a further son.
    • Princess Paulina Elisabeth Adelheid Tatiana Suzanne of Hesse (born 26 March 2007)
    • Hereditary Prince Moritz Ludwig Georg Wolf of Hesse (born 26 March 2007)
    • Prince August (born 24 August 2012)
  • Princess Elena Elisabeth Madeleine of Hesse (born 8 November 1967), has a daughter with Massimo Caiazzo (born 1976).
    • Madeleine Immacolata Tatiana Theresa Caiazzo (born 29 November 1999)
  • Prince Philip Robin of Hesse (born 17 September 1970) married on 5 May 2006 (civil wedding) and 10 June 2006 (religious wedding) Laetitia Bechtolf, has a daughter and a son.
    • Princess Elena Margherita Lotti Christiane Elizabeth of Hesse (born 5 December 2006)
    • Prince Tito Friedrich Hans Andreas Alnwick of Hesse (born 24 August 2008)

Line of succession to the former Waldecker and Pyrmonter throne

In Wikipedia, this article’s name is(was) Line of succession to the former throne of Waldeck and Pyrmont.

note:
As of July 2020.

See also:
Line of succession to the former Monarchical throne and others : From (deleted) Wikipedia’s articles.


The Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont was abolished in 1918 during the German Revolution, following the defeat of the Central Powers in the First World War. The succession, as with most former states of the Holy Roman Empire, was semi-salic, with the nearest female kinswoman of the last male inheriting the crown upon extinction of the dynasty in the male line. The current pretender to the throne and head of the house is Wittekind, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont, grandson of Friedrich, the last ruling prince.

Present line of succession

  • Frederick, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1865-1946)
    • Josias, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1896-1967)
      • Wittekind, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (born 1936)
        • (1) Karl-Anton, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (born 1991)
        • (2) Prince Josias Christian (born 1993)
        • (3) Prince Johannes (born 1993)
    • Prince Maximilian Wilhelm (1898-1981)
      • (4) Prince Georg-Viktor (born 1936)
        • (5) Prince Christian-Ludwig (born 1967)
          • (6) Prince Christian Wolrad (born 1998)
          • (7) Prince Viktor (born 2000)
          • (8) Prince Casimir (born 2002)
          • (9) Prince Moritz (born 2006)
        • (10) Prince Wolrad (born 1974)
          • (11) Prince Nikolaus Christian-Ludwig (born 2012)
    • Prince Georg Wilhelm (1902-1971)
      • (12) Prince Josias Friedrich (born 1935)
        • (13) Prince Alexander (born 1972)
          • (14) Prince Josias Ludwig (born 2012)
        • (15) Prince Clemens (born 1975)
      • Prince Georg-Friedrich (1936-2020)
        • (16) Prince Philipp-Heinrich (born 1967)
      • (17) Prince Volkwin (born 1940)
        • (18) Prince Friedrich (born 1969)
          • (19) Prince Paul-Ferdinand (born 2012)
        • (20) Prince Nikolaus Karl (born 1970)
        • (21) Prince Ludwig Wilhelm (born 1983)
      • (22) Prince Christian-Peter (born 1945)
        • (23) Prince Georg-Wilhelm (born 1972)
          • (24) Prince Friedrich-Karl Ulrich (born 1999)
          • (25) Prince Max Georg (born 2000)
          • (26) Prince Caspar (born 2004)
          • (27) Prince Christian Hubertus (born 2004)

 

 

Line of Succession in November 1918

  • Frederick, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (born 1865)
    • (1) Josias, Hereditary Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (born 1896)
    • (2) Prince Maximilian Wilhelm (born 1898)
    • (3) Prince Georg Wilhelm (born 1902)

Line of succession to the former Bulgarian throne

note:
As of July 2020.

See also:
Line of succession to the former Monarchical throne and others : From (deleted) Wikipedia’s articles.


The Bulgarian monarchy was abolished in 1946.[1] The last monarch to reign was Tsar Simeon II, who remains head of the former Bulgarian Royal Family.[2] The law of succession for the dynasty was constitutionally established as Salic primogeniture: only Orthodox males born of approved marriages and descended in the male-line from the first tsar (king) of the Saxe-Coburg line, Ferdinand I of Bulgaria, by seniority of birth with provision for substitution were eligible to occupy Bulgaria’s throne.[2]

After Simeon II’s deposition those who meet the criteria of that order of succession are enumerated as follows:[2]

  • Tsar Simeon II (born 1937)
    • Kardam, Prince of Tarnovo (1962–2015)[3]
      • (1) Boris, Prince of Tarnovo (b. 1997)[3]
      • (2) Prince Beltrán of Bulgaria (b. 1999)
    • (3) Kyril, Prince of Preslav (b. 1964)
      • (4) Prince Tassilo of Bulgaria (b. 2002)
    • (5) Kubrat, Prince of Panagyurishte (b. 1965)
      • (6) Prince Mirko of Bulgaria (b. 1995)
      • (7) Prince Lukás of Bulgaria (b. 1997)
      • (8) Prince Tirso of Bulgaria (b. 2002)
    • (9) Konstantin-Assen, Prince of Vidin (b. 1967)
      • (10) Prince Umberto of Bulgaria (b. 1999)

 

 

Line of succession to the former Iranian throne

It is also the Line of succession to the former Persian throne.

note:
As of July 2020.

See also:
Line of succession to the former Monarchical throne and others : From (deleted) Wikipedia’s articles.


The Iranian Monarchy was overthrown following the Islamic Revolution in 1979 with the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi going into exile.

Line of succession to the Pahlavi claim

Under the Pahlavi Dynasty the law of succession stated the Shah must profess the Islamic faith, his mother must be an Iranian citizen, a Muslim and not descended from the previous Qajar dynasty which rules out the sons of Reza Shah by his fifth and sixth wives and their male line descendants. Except Mohammad Reza Shah, only Prince Alireza Pahlavi was eligible among the sons of Reza Shah. With his death, only his sons are eligible. But the mother of Prince Patrick Ali Pahlavi (nephew of Mohammad Reza Shah) is not a natural born Iranian citizen, nor the Iranian parliament had approved this legal term (ایرانی الاصل) for her (as opposed to Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt, first wife of Mohammad Reza Shah). As a result Prince Patrick Ali Pahlavi is not eligible. Moreover, Prince Patrick Ali Pahlavi also married a non-Iranian woman and his sons face the same issue, even if an exception is made for Prince Patrick Ali Pahlavi. Thus, Prince Reza Pahlavi is the only remaining eligible person. With his death, nobody can claim the throne even theoretically.[1]

  • Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1919–1980)
    • Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi (born 1960)

 

 

Given that the modern claim calls for a new constitution, and thus the bylaws need not necessarily be in accordance with the previous constitution in the event the monarchy is restored new succession rules may be established.[2][3][4]

Line of Succession in February 1979

  • Reza Shah Pahlavi (1878–1944)
    • Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi (born 1919)
      • (1) Crown Prince Reza Pahlavi (b. 1960)
      • (2) Prince Ali-Reza Pahlavi (b. 1966)

Line of succession to the Qajar claim

The Qajar dynasty was deposed in 1925 with Reza Shah ascending the Sun Throne. The Iranian Constitution of 1906 set out the succession for princes whose mother is a Qajar princess of Persian descent. Only males are allowed to succeed.[citation needed]

  • Muhammad Ali Shah (1872–1924)
    • Ahmad Shah (1898–1930)
    • Muhammad Hassan Mirza, Crown Prince of Persia (1899–1943)
      • Hamid Mirza (1918-1988)
        • Muhammad Hassan Mirza II (born 1949)
          • (1) Prince Arsalan Mirza (born 1980)
    • Prince Sultan Mahmud Mirza (1905–1988)
      • (2) Prince Muhammad Ali Mirza (born 1942)

 

 

Line of succession to the former French throne (Orléanist)

note:
As of August 2020.
It is also Line of succession to the former French throne (Unionist) or Line of succession to the French throne (Legitimist-Orléanist).

See also:
Line of succession to the former Monarchical throne and others : From (deleted) Wikipedia’s articles.


The Orléanist claimant to the throne of France is Prince Jean, Duke of Vendôme. He is the uncontested heir to the Orléanist position of “King of the French” held by Louis-Philippe, and is also King Charles X’s heir as “King of France” if the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht (by which Philip V of Spain renounced for himself and his agnatic descendants any claim to the French throne) was valid. According to the Family Compact of 1909, only the descendants of the then pretender’s father are considered to be dynasts of the House of France. The founders of the cadet branches of Orleans-Braganza and Orléans-Galliera, by becoming foreigners, are considered under house law to have renounced their rights to the throne.[1] If the current line were to become extinct, the Orleans-Braganza have, however, reserved their right to renew their claims.[1]

Rules explaining the order of succession

Succession under the Ancien Regime

Prior to the Treaty of Utrecht, rules of succession to the crown of France were deemed to have evolved historically and additively, rather than to have been legislated or amended, constituting part of the fundamental laws of the nation.[2][3]

  1. Inalienability (or indisposability) of the crown: no one has the power to change the dynastic order.
  2. Continuity of the crown: a new ruler succeeds as soon as his predecessor dies; the throne is never vacant
  3. Heredity: The crown is hereditary in the House of Capet
  4. Primogeniture: The elder son is preferred over the younger; the senior descendant represents his deceased ancestor in the line of succession.
  5. Masculinity: The heir must be male.
  6. Male collaterality: In the absence of male descendants in the King’s male line, the closest male collateral relative of the King is the heir.
  7. Catholicism: the King must be Catholic.
  8. Nationality: the heir must be French.[4][5][6]

The succession devolves only upon legally legitimate descendants, born in Catholic marriages. Further, children issuing from marriages expressly forbidden by the king are considered illegitimate.

Treaty of Utrecht and the “defect pérégrinité”

Main article: Treaty of Utrecht

The Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 caused a breach in the traditional rules of succession to the throne of France. It had been opposed by some members of the Parlement of Paris because, in order to prohibit (on threat of resuming Continental war) the union by inheritance of the kingdoms of France and Spain, it required the exclusion of the Spanish Bourbons from the French throne, which potentially conflicted with the principles of indisposability of the crown and male primogeniture. Nonetheless, termination of the eligibility of Philip V of Spain and his heirs male to inherit the French crown, on the one hand, and international recognition of his retention of the crown of Spain on the other, were agreed to by negotiators for France, Spain and the other European powers who crafted and then obtained ratification of the treaty.

Philip officially signed the renunciation of any future claim for himself and his descendants to the crown of France, and the treaty incorporates the effects of his renunciation. That renunciation was formally ratified by King Louis XIV and registered, pursuant to French law, by the Parlement of Paris. Letters patent issued by Louis XIV in 1700 authorising his grandson Philip to leave France to reign as king over Spain while retaining his French nationality and dynastic rights, were officially revoked.[7][8] These modifications were never officially repudiated by the organs of government of France.

For monarchists who considered the Treaty of Utrecht valid, the departure of Philip to Spain in order to assume that kingdom’s crown, and the retention by his heirs of that throne over the next 300 years, intruded the vice de pérégrinité (“flaw of foreignness”) in his dynastic claim to France, excluding himself and his descendants forever from the succession. Finally, Philip’s renunciation meant, they believed, that with the death in 1883 of Henri, Count of Chambord, the House of Orléans had become heirs to the Capetian dynasty’s claim to the crown of France.

Family Compact of 1909

Recognizing the principle of pérégrinité and therefore the impossibility for foreign princes to claim the crown of France,[4][5] the Orléans claimants and their supporters consider excluded from the succession to the throne the foreign descendants of King Louis-Philippe: the Brazilian House of Orléans-Braganza (descendants of the Comte d’Eu) and the Spanish Orléans-Galliera (descendants of Antoine, Duke of Montpensier).[9][10]

The 1909 “Family Compact” (Pacte de Famille) was negotiated between the head of the French branch Philippe, Duke of Orléans and the head of the Brazilian branch Gaston, Comte d’Eu, subsequently signed by the adult males of both branches of the Orléans family, save one (Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres, then the oldest member of the family, who died the following year). It confirms the exclusion of members of the Brazilian branch from the French succession on grounds of pérégrinité.[10] Further, it “takes note” of a written promise given by the Comte d’Eu and his son to refrain from asserting any claim to the French throne and to the position of Head of the House of France until the total extinction of all the other dynastic branches of the House of France (the Montpensiers were already deemed excluded).[10]

Alfred de Gramont alleged in his diary, “L’ami du Prince: Journal of a Novel”, published by Eric Mension Rigau-Fayard in 2011 that this decision was made by the Orléans for two reasons: first, the desire of other dynasts to exclude the Comte d’Eu and the princes of Orléans-Braganza (who were the heirs presumptive to the Empire of Brazil, and after abolition of the monarchy in 1889, pretenders thereto), and second, the influence of French nationalism. However, exclusion from the French succession as a consequence of permanent emigration to Brazil had been acknowledged and accepted in writing by the Comte d’Eu prior to his marriage to the Princess Imperial of Brazil.

Throne of Albania

The Orléans were consistent in applying the nationality requirement, as exemplified by an example involving the prospect of acquisition of yet another throne by a member of the family. Albania was emerging as an independent nation in 1913, and sought an appropriate European prince to whom they might offer their new throne. Apparently an approach was made to the younger brother of the Duke of Orléans, Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier, who responded “There is no crown in the world that could attract me if, to obtain it, I must put into question two titles of which I am rightly proud, that of French citizen and that of French prince. I am resolved to decline any candidacy to the throne of Albania”[11] Eventually, Albania chose Prince William of Wied to wear its crown. He reigned from March to September 1914.

Rulings of 2nd Count of Paris

Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999) had amended the order of succession several times within the House of Orléans. Considering the marriages of his sons Michel and Thibaut without his prior approval as misalliances, the Count of Paris excluded them and their descendants from the royal succession in 1967 and 1973.

Later, in 1984, the Count of Paris also excluded his eldest son, Prince Henri (then known as “Count of Clermont”) from the succession because of his divorce from Duchess Marie Thérèse of Württemberg and civil remarriage with Micaela Cousiño y Quiñones de León, a divorcée. As Head of the House of Orléans, his father considered that by divorcing and remarrying without obtaining prior approval, his eldest son had excluded himself from the order of succession.

Finally, in 1987, the Count of Paris proclaimed his grandson, Prince Jean, as Duke of Vendôme and heir apparent to the claim to the throne in the places of his father (who was demoted to “Count of Mortain”) and of his elder brother, Prince François, who suffered from a mental handicap.

No historical statutory law or precedent was cited as grounds for these changes in the line of succession. Regarding Henri’s second marriage, however, the royal right to exclude (as illegitimate) descendants born of marriages of French dynasts contracted in defiance of the King’s will had been asserted by Louis XIII, both to the Parlement of Paris and to the Church of France, and was officially accepted by both.[12][13] The fundamental laws of the ancien regime had not, however, provided for the exclusion from the succession to the crown of dynasts who married without kingly authorization and their descendants, nor of the mentally ill.

Since 1990 relations between the Count of Paris and his eldest son normalized, and Prince Henri was recognized as reinstated in the line of succession to the crown and restored to his dynastic title, “Count of Clermont”. Clermont’s first wife was accorded the title “Duchess of Montpensier” and retention of her place in the dynasty, while Clermont’s second wife was granted the title “Princess de Joinville” with the style of Royal Highness.

Rulings of third Count of Paris

Becoming the Head of the House of Orléans on his father’s death in 1999, the new Count of Paris and “Duke of France” cancelled the dynastic exclusions imposed by his father. Acknowledging that no one has the power to change the order in succession of a prince of the blood royal of France, he recognised his brother, Prince Michel, Count of Evreux and his male-line descendants, and Robert, Count of La Marche, son of his deceased brother Prince Thibaut, Count of La Marche, as possessing succession rights to the French crown, should it ever be restored.

Nevertheless, the new Count of Paris placed the branch of Prince Michel after that of Prince Jacques in the order of succession. It has been argued, however, that since Michel had “seen the day” after his twin brother Jacques, and French primogeniture historically considered the last child to emerge from the womb as senior in the order of birth to other siblings born following a single confinement, this ruling may have been compliant with the tradition of the ancien régime.[citation needed]

Despite the fact that some Orléanists considered that the severe disabilities of Prince François should exclude him from the line of succession,[14] and his younger brother Vendôme was appointed his permanent legal guardian,[15] their father recognized his eldest son as the “Dauphin”. François, however, died without issue in 2017, thereby rendering moot the “council of regency” the Count of Paris had created to exercise future dynastic authority in his son’s behalf and resolving the public dispute that decision had evoked within the family: In January 2018 the Count of Paris recognized the Duke of Vendôme as his rightful successor.[15]

Order of succession

  • Henri, Count of Paris (1908–1999)
    • Henri, Count of Paris, Duke of France (1933–2019)
      • Jean, Count of Paris (born 1965) P G E
        • (1) Prince Gaston of Orléans (born 2009) E
        • (2) Prince Joseph of Orléans (born 2016)
      • (3) Prince Eudes, Duke of Angoulême (born 1968) P G
        • (4) Prince Pierre of Orléans (born 2003)[16]
    • (5) Prince Jacques, Duke of Orléans (born 1941) P G
      • (6) Prince Charles Louis, Duke of Chartres (born 1972) P G
        • (7) Prince Philippe, Duke of Valois (born 1998) P G
        • (8) Prince Constantin of Orléans (born 2003)[17]
      • (9) Prince Foulques, Duke of Aumale, Count of Eu (born 1974) P G
    • (10) Prince Michel, Count of Évreux (born 1941) P G
      • (11) Prince Charles Philippe, Duke of Anjou (born 1973) G
      • (12) Prince François, Count of Dreux (born 1982) G
        • (13) Prince Philippe of Orléans (born 2017)
    • Prince Thibaut, Count of La Marche (1948-1983)
      • (14) Prince Robert, Count of La Marche (born 1976) P G

 

 

(Superscript letters are placed after a name to indicate the source of the person and his place in the order of succession as of that source’s date:

P listed by Le Comte de Paris et sa Descendance 1998, Charenton, France: Philippe de Montjouvent, ISBN 2-913211-00-3, p. 9
G listed by Le Petit Gotha, 2002, Paris: Chantal de Badts de Cugnac and Guy Coutant de Saisseval, ISBN 2-9507974-3-1
E listed by European Royal History Journal, Issue LXXII, December 2009, East Richmond Heights, California: Arturo Beeche, pp. 34-36)

Line of Succession in February 1848

  • Louis Philippe I of France (born 1773)
    • Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1810-1842)
      • (1) Prince Philippe, Count of Paris (born 1838)
      • (2) Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres (born 1840)
    • (3) Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours (born 1814)
      • (4) Prince Gaston, Count of Eu (born 1842)
      • (5) Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Alençon (born 1844)
    • (6) Prince François, Prince of Joinville (born 1818)
      • (7) Prince Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre (born 1845)
    • (8) Prince Henri, Duke of Aumale (born 1822)
      • (9) Prince Louis, Prince of Condé (born 1845)

Louis Philippe’s youngest son, Antoine, Duke of Montpensier, married a Spanish princess in 1846 and thus removed himself from the line of succession to the French throne.